Database Design- Dependency Diagram Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Database Design- Dependency Diagram - Essay Example not be necessary to show all the data dependencies among the various modules because some module might be unconnected in a sequence or time and hence these are not illustrated on a dependency diagram. For example, a module might give data that cannot be used by another module until time lasts. In this scenario, the existing dependency among these modules will be left off in the dependency diagram. The dependency diagrams are also vital and useful when there exits’ complex dependency of module in a database system. Otherwise, the effort which is required to complete the dependency diagram is not warranted in complex dependencies. In this case the recommendation is the decomposition of the diagram to a less complex one such as an action diagram or a structural chart which is outlined to form a suitable dependency diagram. Action diagrams might not be used to illustrate further elaborate details such as in the shared accesses to the main storage, which is not illustrated in a dependency diagram. A CRUD diagram might also be used to illustrate dependency among some of the processes that are not shown in the dependency diagram such as the year –end time dependency among

Legal Ethics Assignment Essay Example for Free

Legal Ethics Assignment Essay 1. Food and Drug Administration. This agency and proposed regulation interests me because since it is something that has become popular in the recent years and that it affects many people in the united states and in the world today. Yes, many people in the gaming industry smoke on a regular basics. It will not affect the business directly; just the workers in the industry. 2. The proposal is a consideration of applicable approval mechanisms and additional indications for nicotine replacement therapies (NRTs), and input on a report to Congress examining the regulation and development of innovative products and treatments for tobacco dependence. In more basic terms it is trying to get tobacco dependent treatments or mechanisms, such as electronic cigarettes, a chance to be officially approved by the FDA. 3. Six months after most people purchased e-cigarettes, 31% of these smokers said theyd quit cigarettes and two-thirds of them said theyd cut back on the number of cigarettes they smoked. A third of those whod quit smoking also quit using e-cigarettes. But E-cigarettes have not been tested for efficacy and safety. Additionally, they are produced overseas with little oversight to ensure good manufacturing practices. To regulate this product identified chemicals and quantities that is used in this product, release pros and cons for this product, and put a warning label on the product about the risk of addiction to nicotine. I wish to accomplish in my comment was to help the FDA is that there is pros in the use of E-cigarettes. Also, that the use of E-cigarettes is a lower and healthier risk then the use of regular tobacco cigarettes. 4. The deadline was Jan 16, 2013. 5.   a. Private citizens, government officials, industry representatives, businesspeople, and corporations can all send in comments based on provided proposed regulation during the public comment period. Anyone who wishes to challenge the validity of a federal regulation after it becomes law must participate in the comment period and voice his or her concerns at that time. Some agencies hold public hearings on proposed regulations. The purpose of the hearings is to take input on the proposals and consider additional evidence and consider additional evidence and factors relevant in promulgating the final version of the rule.† Business: Its Legal, Ethical, and Global Environment, 9th Edition. b. 1) Arbitrary and Capricious. Standard for challenging administrative agency rules; used to show decisions or rules were not based on sufficient. 2) Substantial Evidence Test. Basis for challenging the action of an administrative agency on the grounds that the rule promulgated was not based on enough evidence. 3) Failure to comply with the Administrative Procedures Act requirements of notice, publication, and public comment or input. The procedures for rulemaking must be followed in order for the regulatory process, and the resulting rules, to be valid. 4) Constitutional challenge. The regulation is unconstitutional. Dealing with regulations giving an agency authority to search records, or impose discriminatory requirements for licensing professionals. 5) Ultra Vires. Action taken beyond the scope of authority; with federal agencies, action taken that is beyond the congressional authority given in the enabling statute. c. From five legal theories, I would use Substantial Evidence Test to challenge this proposed regulation of not ban the use of electronic cigarettes. I choose this theory is based on the fact that there is enough evidence to prove that electronic cigarettes will not do the same damage to human as real cigarettes do. Because electronic cigarettes contain different chemical other than liquid nicotine, there is enough research to prove that other chemical will not affect people’s health, meaning electronic cigarettes are still a healthy alternative of cigarettes. Also, companies that manufacture electronic cigarettes claim their products do not contain carcinogens or tar or produce secondhand smoke, should be the first concern of making this regulation.

Corruption in the Church and Society Reflected in The Canterbury Tales :: Canterbury Tales Essays

Corruption in the Church and Society Reflected in The Canterbury Tales  Ã‚  Ã‚   In discussing Chaucer's collection of stories called The Canterbury Tales, an interesting picture or illustration of the Medieval Christian Church is presented. However, while people demanded more voice in the affairs of government, the church became corrupt -- this corruption also led to a more crooked society. Nevertheless, there is no such thing as just church history; This is because the church can never be studied in isolation, simply because it has always related to the social, economic and political context of the day. In history then, there is a two way process where the church has an influence on the rest of society and of course, society influences the church. This is naturally because it is the people from a society who make up the church....and those same people became the personalities that created these tales of a pilgrimmage to Canterbury.   Ã‚  Ã‚   The Christianization of Anglo-Saxon England was to take place in a relatively short period of time, but this was not because of the success of the Augustinian effort. Indeed, the early years of this mission had an ambivalence which shows in the number of people who hedged their bets by practicing both Christian and Pagan rites at the same time, and in the number of people who promptly apostatized when a Christian king died. There is certainly no evidence for a large-scale conversion of the common people to Christianity at this time. Augustine was not the most diplomatic of men, and managed to antagonize many people of power and influence in Britain, not least among them the native British churchmen, who had never been particularly eager to save the souls of the Anglo-Saxons who had brought such bitter times to their people. In their isolation, the British Church had maintained older ways of celebrated the major festivals of Christianity, and Augustine's effort to compel them to conform to modern Roman usage only angered them. When Augustine died (some time between 604 and 609 AD), then, Christianity had only a precarious hold on Anglo-Saxon England, a hold which was limited largely to a few in the aristocracy. Christianity was to become firmly established only as a result of Irish efforts, who from centers in Scotland and Northumbria made the common people Christian, and established on a firm basis the English Church. At all levels of society, belief in a god or gods was not a matter of choice, it was a matter of fact.

Ecological Succession Essay

Ecology is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and their environment. In relation to The Lion King, ecology is the circle of life. Ecological succession can change a community by making exponential changes to the ecosystem over time, symbiotic relationships are important in maintaining a stable ecosystem because they provide competition, parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism to have balanced populations, and the impact of a change in the food web would be drastic to the ecosystem because one change can and will alter the life of every animal in the ecosystem. Ecological Succession is predictable changes over time. Ecological succession relates to ecology because they both are a form of change in an ecosystem, species, or organism. Ecological succession can change a community by making exponential changes to the ecosystem over time. An example of ecological succession in The Lion King is when Scar, a lion, takes command of Pride Rock, an ecosystem, and lets the hyen as take over the land and climb to the top of the food chain over time. This movie example is different than a real life situation because hyenas would most likely not be able to take over a population of lion’s spot on the food chain. Ecological succession changed the community in this movie example by rearranging the order of the food chain. Another example of ecological succession in The Lion King is when the pride land’s ecosystems were destroyed by fire and other harmful elements, the initiation of secondary succession took place. This example of ecological succession from The Lion King is the same as a real life situation because during secondary succession, an ecosystem has been destroyed and gradually regains its former appearance and function, which was shown in the movie. Ecological succession changed the community in this movie example by creating a brand new ecosystem due to secondary succession. An example of ecological succession in real life is when the island of Krakatoa, an undeveloped land mass, exploded. On the same site a new island, a volcanic cone, was born. This event is an example of primary succession, another form of ecological succession. The ecological succession on the island of Krakatoa changed the community by creating growth and life. The real world Krakatoa example of ecological succession is related to both movie examples because all three situations included different forms of ecological succession. A symbiotic relationship is an ongoing relationship between two species who live closely together. Symbiotic relationships are related to ecology because they are interactions between organisms and species, which is similar to the definition of ecology. Symbiotic relationships are important in maintaining a stable ecosystem because they provide competition, parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism to have balanced, healthy, and interactive populations. An example of a symbiotic relationship in The Lion King is the relationship between Scar, a lion, and the hyena population. The Scar and the hyenas are symbiotic because they have a commensalism relationship; where one benefits (hyenas) and the other is neither helped or harmed (Scar). The hyenas benefit in this relationship because their trophic level is raised on the food chain; Scar is neither helped nor harmed because he was not affected by the change in the food chain. The symbiotic relationship between Scar and the hyenas is important in maintaining a stable ecosystem so the lion population doesn’t receive total dominancy. This example of symbiosis from The Lion King is different from real life because hyenas are an energy source for lions, so lions wouldn’t allow their food source to be on the same trophic level as them. This would be predation in real life. Another example of a symbiotic relationship in The Lion King is the relationship between Timon, a meerkat, and Pumbaa, a warthog. Timon and Pumbaa’s symbiosis is mutualism because both benefit from each other’s compa ny and energy source findings. The movie example of a meerkat/warthog symbiotic relationship is important in maintaining a stable ecosystem because they share the same food source and are on the same trophic level. This movie example of symbiosis is different from real life because meerkats and warthogs are not closely related in the wild. A symbiotic relationship in real life would be the relationship between dogs and ticks, a symbiosis of parasitism. This real life relationship is important in maintaining a stable ecosystem because the parasitism symbiosis allows an organism to feed off of another. This real life example of a symbiotic relationship is different than The Lion King examples because it is a common symbiosis, unlike the unrealistic movie representations. A food web is a network of complex interactions that link all of the food chains in an ecosystem together. Food webs are related to ecology because they represent the interactions between species to obtain energy. The impact of a change in the food web be drastic to the ecosystem because one change can and will alter every animal’s life in the ecosystem. The food web of the ecosystem of The Lion King would start with the first trophic level; primary producers. The producers include grass, trees, and fruit. Following the first trophic level is the second trophic level, which includes herbivores, who are primary consumers. The herbivores/primary consumers include zebras, beetles, and red-billed hornbills. Following the second trophic level is the third trophic level, which includes omnivores and carnivores, who are secondary consumers. The carnivores/omnivores/secondary consumers include meerkats, warthogs, and hyenas. Following the third trophic level is the fourth trophic level, which includes carnivores, who are tertiary consumers. The only carnivore/tertiary consumer is the lion population. The impact of a change in this food web would be exponential because eery organism would be affected either negatively or positively by it. This example of a food web from The Lion King is the same as a real life food web because it has the same characteristics and species that a food web would have in Africa. An example of a real life food web is one of a forest. The food web of a real life forest would start at the first trophic level; primary producers. The primary producers include trees and shrubs. Following the first trophic level is the second trophic level, which includes herbivores, who are primary consumers. The herbivores/primary consumers include deer, squirrels, crickets, and rabbits. Following the second trophic level is the third trophic level which includes omnivores and carnivores, who are second level consumers. The omnivores/carnivores/secondary consumers include cardinals, mice, fox, owls, and spiders. Following the third trophic level is the fourth trophic level which includes carnivores, who are tertiary consumers. The only carnivore/tertiary consumer in this food web is the eagle population. The impact of a change in this food web to the ecosystem would be drastic, because again, every organism would be affected by it. This real life food web is similar to The Lion King food web because they each have the same amount of trophic levels. Ecological succession can change a community by making exponential changes to the ecosystem over time, symbiotic relationships are important in maintaining a stable ecosystem because they provide competition, parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism to have balanced populations, and the impact of a change in the food web would be drastic to the ecosystem because one change can and will alter every animal’s life in the ecosystem. The movie The Lion King had great examples of ecology because the various characters and species interacted with each other and their environment uniquely and distinctly. It’s the circle of life, after all. Sources Simon Winchester. Krakatoa. Perennial. New York, NY. 2004. Pp.351-355 W.G. Moore. A Dictionary of Geography. Penguin. Middlesex, England. 1965

Privacy vs. National Security Essay

The scope and nature of the problem is that after September 11, 2001 the government has enhanced its surveillance procedure to a frightening level. With one policy, â€Å"The USA Patriot Act-2001,† the US government has effectively turned the United States of America into a police state. This policy gives the government run agencies the right to spy on its citizens. Agents can gather information by physically watching, or by other covert means such as wire taps. It is no longer a specific phone line but on individuals. It allows service providers to disclose information and protects them from court action when the do. It permits a delay in warrant notification, giving agents the ability to search before they have a warrant in hand. This policy gives the government the right to accuse, intimidate, and imprison its citizens of terrorism, and ignore the Bill of Rights. The Bill of Rights was created to protect the people from various injustices that the government could commit. The amendments that are affected the most are the 1st, 4th, and the 6th. (Asian Tribune,[Hallstavik],June 5,2012, US Patriot Act has denied Americans their freedom) Amendment I: Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press, or the right of people peaceably to assemble, and petition the government for a redress of grievances.(Hamilton, A.,1775, The Bill of Rights) The Patriot Act gives the government the freedom to monitor religious and political institutions without just cause. The government also now has the authority to prosecute any type of record keeper if they reveal that the government has subpoenaed information from them for a terrorism Investigation. (Asian Tribune, [Hallstavik], June 5, 2012, US Patriot Act has denied Americans their freedom) Amendment IV: The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause. Supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. (Hamilton, A., 1775, Bill of Rights) The Patriot Act of course now gives the US government to do just that. They may search and seize a citizen’s property without probable cause regardless of it pertinence to a terror investigation. (Asian Tribune [Hallstavik], June 5, 2012, US Patriot Act has denied Americans their freedom) Amendment VI: In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which d istrict shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed at the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense. (Hamilton, A., 1775, Bill of Rights) The Patriot Act has given the government the power to jail US citizens indefinitely without charge or trial, or even to confront the witnesses against them. Once labeled an â€Å"unlawful combatant†, the accused can and have been held without communication and denied their right to an attorney. When they are permitted the attorneys and housed in a federal prison, they lose the right to attorney/client privilege. The government now has the right to monitor those communications as well. (Asian Tribune [Hallstavik], June 5, 2012, US Patriot Act has denied Americans their freedom) Though there is one good point to the policy, which is: providing for victims of terrorism, public officers and their families. That is but a single clause in the policy that is for the people, the rest gives the government an overwhelming and undeniable control over the â€Å"American citizens rights and the means to continue and expand its control. In the summary, The USA Patriot Act: A Sketch, by Charles Doyle, which can be located at; http://www.fas.org/irp/crs/RS21203.pdf ,a reader can clearly see that what the Bill of Rights gave us the Patriot Act takes away. Reading numerous articles and summaries of the act it is obvious that the American people should be concerned about just how much power the government is gaining, then giving to the military and agencies such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), and Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). The power the agencies have, have been a problem in the past as well. In 1975 the senate had selected a committee to oversee these agencies, primarily the FBI, which had been declared a vigilante organization. Focusing on suppressing groups from exercising their First Amendment rights, the FBI went with the theory that preventing the growth of a group would protect national security. The Patriot Act has basically nullified this committee, while granting the government agencies free reign. (Hentoff,N., December 17, 2001, Homeland Defense of the Constitution) Since the bombing in Oklahoma City on April 15, 1995, the government has attempted to do more to prevent another terrorist attack, and it began with the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996. This in simplest terms takes the right of Habeus away from those convicted of terrorism. To file for Habeas Corpus is to petition for an early release and can be done repeatedly. The attack on the Twin Towers on 9-11 unfortunately has shaken the countries defense structure to it’s very core allowing for some rather irrational and extreme actions to be taken. Such as the US Patriot Act, this act was adopted as a sunset policy (meaning it would expire in four years). This was to enable the individual agencies to adapt and ascertain the effectiveness (Fritscher, L., November. 5, 2007.USA Patriot Act: Pros and Cons). This policy, which to congress an unprecedented 43 days to sign into law, was essentially formed to treamline communications between the agencies to provide easier means of investigation and surveillance. Other policies that are not so widely impacted have been passed as well. Policies such as, the National Defense Authorization Act, supplying these agencies the funding to continue. Preliminary research indicates a growing concern the government, and the agencies there of, are gaining too much power, and the aggressive use of this power is progressively eroding the individual American citizens’ privacy and civil liberties. How do the people know that the information gathered by various agencies is not being abused? What assurances can the government give that they won’t be? The security of a nation is a major concern to all Americans, but should there be a limit to what the government can do in the name of National Security. Problems with abuse of privilege have been an issue in the past as well. During the cold war the foreign Intelligence Act was introduced and passed requiring agents to obtain a warrant from a judge before they could intercept private conversations. To gain a warrant government lawyers had to have proof that an individual was a threat. In 2008 this act was revised enabling the procedures to be overlooked. In fact, the law was bypassed by the Bush administration in 2001 after the terrorist attack on 9-11. Individuals and organizations alike are attempting to sue the government in regards to the ongoing surveillance program. The ACLU (American Civil Liberties Union), stated that the, â€Å"people cannot sue unless they can show their calls were monitored.) Alas, the government will not reveal whose messages were intercepted, therefore no proof (Scalliger,C. May 21, 2012). Obviously, the odds are greatly against those who oppose the current policies. Individuals have come forward to attempt to inform the public of the actions of the government but to no avail. In 2007 an ex NSA employee reported that a program, codenamed Stellar Wind was already underway. Gathering information on millions of American citizens, the NSA gained access to more than 2.8 trillion billing records of domestic and international calls. All, without a warrant. At a later date Verizon joined the program multiplying the call rate five times over. Not only is the NSA and other agencies compiling dossiers on US citizens in these massive data bases, they also currently have the ability to eavesdrop in real-time. US citizens overseas are routinely intercepted when calling home to the states. No reason or warrant required (Hentoff, N., October 6, 2011). The reality is that unwarranted wiretaps are only the beginning. Other forms of spying on the average citizen are already being used. The Fourth Amendment was written to protect our rights to privacy, yet our own government officials a sidestepping these laws. Though the word privacy never actually appears in the Constitution, it would be difficult to say the fact that something of the meaning of the word has long been established in legal traditions. The American Heritage Dictionary defines the word private as secluded from sight, presence or intrusion of others, to be confined to one person; personal (Mitrano, T., May 2012). A primary responsibility of the United States government is to protect the citizens and its resources against the threat of terrorism, and Americans appreciate the security they have, and at times have sacrificed liberties to protect it (Walker, B. and Rsachke, G., nd). But, in spite of the measures taken to protect its people the government is also harming their basic fundamental rights that this country has always been known for. So are the citizens of the United States to give up democracy for a governmental dictatorship for the sake of this safety. What’s in store for the next generation? References Asian Tribune [Hallstavik], (June 5, 2012), US Patriot Act has denied Americans their freedom, Retrieved from, http://search.proquest.com/docview/1018399742? Doyle, C., (April 19, 2008), Patriot Act: â€Å"A Sketch, Retrieved from, http://www.fas.org/irp/crs/RS21203.pdf. Hamilton, A., (1775), Bill of Rights. Retrieved from, http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/bill_of_rights_transcripts.htm Hentoff, N., (December 17, 2001), Homeland Defense of the Constitution, The Washington Times, Retrieved from, http://scu.edu/ethics/publication/briefings/privacy.html Hentoff, N., (October 6, 2011), Lack of Privacy, becoming normal? The Fort Morgan Times, Retrieved from, http://search.proquest.com/docview/919661310? Mitrano, T., (December 2008), Civil Privacy and National Security Legislation: A Three- Dimensional View, Retrieved from http://www.educause.edu/ero/article/civil-privacy-and- national-security-legislation-three.htm Scalliger, C. (May 21, 2012), Knowing every bit about you. The New American issue 28, p. 10-16, Retrieved from, http://search.proquest.com/docview/1022039930? Walker, B. & Raschke, G., (nd) Right to Privacy vs. National Security, National Security for the 21st Century, Retrieved from, http://www.library.gatech.edu/security/privacy.htm

Paul Gauguin Essays

Paul Gauguin Essays Paul Gauguin Paper Paul Gauguin Paper Paul Gauguin started off like every man. He had a job, a wife, and children. By the time he was thirty-five he completely devoted himself to his art, which caused him to leave his life as he knew it. Hefirst sailed to Panama and Martinique to escape civilization; he was determined to live primitively. Sadly, illness forced him to move back to France where he spent some time with Van Gogh.He then spent two years in Tahiti writing his journal and painting some of his best works only to come back to France and make little to no money. Disheartened and stricken with syphilis he headed back to the South Seas. In 1897 he tried to commit suicide, failed and lived for five more years to paint. He died on Hiva Oa in the Marquesas Islands. Gauguins American debut was in 1913 during which was said, bold initiation, one who shipwrecked himself in his efforts to fully express his art. While Gauguin was still in Paris, before his overseas adventures, his colors were very dark and more realistic. The painting of tomatoes and a pewter tankard on a table is a good example. Here he used a natural looking red for the tomatoes, the pewter tankard looked silver, and everything was proportionate to each other. Three paintings stood out far more than the others did to me. Still life with three puppies, Ia Orana Maria, and Hina Te fatou are those three. The three puppies we saw in class of thefirst paintings by Gauguin I saw, that one left an impact. The colors were brilliant, and even though the pictured was kind of incoherent I still knew what was going on. Along with the color, the fact that nothing was scaled, the puppies were the same size as the cups. Ia Orana Maria showed me how Gauguin used subtle clues to let you know what was happening. Even thought the name of the painting is in the native Tahitian language, I still knew it was Christ, Mary, and if you looked hard enough you could seen an angel in the back left

Final year project Essay Example

Final year project Essay Example Final year project Essay Final year project Essay Technology is the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, especially in particular area such as engineering, medical, government, hospitality and more. in other words technology are an application of knowledge to the practical aims of human life or to changing and manipulating the human environment. Technology includes the use of materials, tools, techniques, and sources of power to make life easier or more pleasant and work more productive. Technology now days have played a big part in humankinds life. The more we are oming to the end of time, the more complex the technology gets. Nowadays, technology is important not to Just at certain age but also they have win a place in the youngsters heart. Even now parent needs to buy their three years old child an iPad or anything technology devices. The ppercentage of children age three to fifteen use more technology than adult does. Technology now days are important because it will increase our standard of living, furthermore technology has brought advancement in agriculture, engineering and architecture sector. : Other than that, the medical, tourism, education, entertainment ector also has increased due to the rising technology in our country compared to the 90th century, the technology in Malaysia has grown a little by little in many sector such as the education sector, government, medical sector, hospitality sector and many more. as we trying keep up with the country that have developed faster than us like, the United State of America, the Great Britain, Germany, and all the first class countries. Technology plays an important role in the hospitality and tourism sector. Both customer and business can benefits from advances in communication, reservation and guest service system. Technology allows continuous communication and streamlines the guest experience, from reservation to checkout. As the research that has been made by the developer, the old system using manual Torm Tor user to register ana 000K tne notel room. I ne data 0T guest InTormatlon are saved in many files. If the same guest want to stay at another time in the hotel, it will become hard for the staff of the hotel to find information that have been saved before because of many files were there. Besides that, the old system can be conclude as not systematic. It is because of using more space to place the cabinets or helves to store the data that have been needed from the guest. While using the new and improved system, company doesnt have the need to use many paper or plastic files to save and keep the information of the guest. Data Just need to be save in the systems database. Using the new system also makes it easy for company to avoid clash booking on the same room with another guest. It can also save time for the guest in which they do not need to fill any registration from and saving costs for the company as no paper used in term to fulfill the requirement form. The system that developer wants to develop is about Walk-in hotel reservation ystem which is name as GoldReservation. net. GoldReservation. net is one of the systems which will be developed especially to increase pproduactivity, work efficiently and arrange data requirement and management in smart order. It is also is the one of the system that offers modern of management styles to the guest and staff. . 2 PROBLEM STATEMENT Before the system is developed, our company used manual system in which all details about guest of the hotel, the hotel staff, and payment are kept on specifies Tiles, eltner It Is Keep In normal Tile In tne computer or Keep In tne paper 0T plastic iles and kept and arranged onto cabinets and shelves. We found that the system was not efficient and need to be improved and upgrade. So t hat, we intend to build and develop GoldReservation. net which the system can store data in one computer as a standalone system. These are some limitation about the old system we had used before:- 1. 2. 1 Time Using the manual system, guest will go the counter to make registration and book rooms for their staying. They must fulfill the registration form to book the hotel room. This can take many times in term of going to counter and fill the requirement needed. 1. 2. 2 cost Besides that, using the old manual system also tend to use a lot of paper to record the reservation details, staff profile, payment, and many more. Furthermore we need to store it as reference at secure place from uncertain difficulties. . 2. 3 Efficiency Slightly difficult to update, modify and delete the data rather than using database system. With the new system, it is easy to remove, add, or delete any data that we want to change. 1. 3 PROJECT AND SYSTEM OBJECTIVE We want to create an offline system for the staff of the hotel to make reservation for guest who comes to our hotel. Here are some of the objectives of this offline eservation system. 1. 3. 1 This system is creates to facilitates our staff into making reservation for the guest who come to our hotel. This system not only for room reservation but it can dividing the staff according to the guests. Each guest will be receiving their own hotel staff or chaperon to guide their vacation or business while they are staying in the Royal Gold Hotel. 1. 3. 2 Besides that, it is convenient for the staffs because the system help them on the working schedule. The staffs schedule will be given by the department of each staff represent like the department of room service will divide their staff according he room reserved in the hotel. With this system, it will make all staff happy because no more mix up schedule between all the staff. Furthermore, this system can create a good relationship between the guest 1 . 3. 3 and our staff as they have interacted with each others upon the guest staying. It can create a friendly environment in the hotel and make the Royal Gold Hotel the Trlenallest oe n Asla ana acn n OtelS o 1. 4 PROJECT SCOPE Hotel room reservation system is a system that had been developed to make easy practice for the staff and guest. This system is focus and built for hotel management on guest staying. Now days, people often reserve hotel room for their stay for their vacation and even for Jobs travelling, but they dont have enough knowledge and resources to develop the system. With this system, they can manage the reservation of hotels rooms like booking of the rooms, time of staying, and how many person can stay in one certain room and to have no redundancy on two guest booked one same room. 1. 4. 1 Registration and Booking The guest will be needed to go to the counter for booking and registration for the stay. With this new system, guest will no need to fill up any form, as the staff will fill a isual form in the computer while guest only need to give their identity card upon registration and booking. 1. 4. 2 Staff Work Schedule and Task There will no need for the staff to have a load of work as the new system will help them placed in their workstation and task. The new system provide work given to staff as a guest come and reserve a room, the guest will be given at least 4 staff form each department to help them through their staying in the hotel. . 4. 3 Payment and Receipt The only paper used for the receipt as the guest checking out, staff on the reception rea will print a receipt as the guest is making payment for their staying 1. 5 METHODOLOGY System development life-cycle (SDLC) is a conceptual model used in project management that describe the stages involved in an information system development project from an initial feasibility study through maintains of the completed application . Various SDLC methodologies have been developed to guide the processes involved including the waterfall model (the original SDLC method), Rapid application development (RAD), and Joint application development CAD) the fountain model and spiral model. Mostly, several models are combined into some ort of hybrid methodology. Documentation is a crucial regardless of the type of model cnosen or aevlsea Tor any appllcatlon, ana Is usually nave In parallel wltn development process. Some method work better for specifies type of project, but in the final analysis, the most important factor for the success of a project may be have closely particular plan was follow. Our company uses Visual Basic and Microsoft Access because it is easy to manage the system. The image below is the classic waterfall model methodology, which is the first SDLC method and it describe the various phases involved in development. Figure 1. 1 Waterfall Model Feasibility Feasibility used to determine if the project should get the go- ahead. Feasibility describe problem or desired changes in process. The purpose of this phase is to perform a preliminary investigation to identify the nature and scope of business oopportunity or problem. A key part of preliminary investigation is a feasibility study reviews anticipated used, and benefits and recommends a course of action based on operational, technical, economics and factor. If the project is to proceed, the feasibility study will produce a project plan and budgets estimation for the future tages of development. Analysis At tnls pnase, tne aetallea steps or works plan Is developed Tor conauctlng tne remaining phase of the SDLC for the purpose system. By the time the analysis phase is concluding, the team should be ready for the designing phase of the system. Design During in the phase of designing the system, the developers have to determine the necessary spacification for the hardware, software, people, resources and the information package that will satisfy the functional requirement of the purpose system can be determine. The design will serve as prototype for the system and elps to detect problems. Implementation In this phase, the designs are translated into code. Computer programs are written using a conventional pprogramming language or an application generator. Pprogramming tools like Compilers, Interpreters and debuggers are used to generate the code. Different high level pprogramming languages like MySql is used for coding and databases. With respect to the type of application, the right pprogramming language is chosen. Testing The testing phase requires developers to complete various test to ensure the accuracy of programmed code. The inclusion of expected functionality and the nteroperability of applications and others network components. Furthermore, testing phase is critical because to ensure the system meets the developers and the end- user requirements. Maintenance Certainly the system will need maintenance. There are many reasons for the change. Changes could happen because some unexpected input values into the system. In addition, the changes in the system could directly affect the software operations. The software should be developed to contain changes that could happen during post implementation period. Technology has played a big part in every single human life in this new era of life. Statistic show, more than two over three of hotel room are being stay by their guest in one night. More technology are being used by hotels now day to be the best hotel in the traveling industry. Not only these technologies attract more people who come and stay but they also help on reducing paper usage and other earths resources to save the mother earth and be environmental friendly. However, the main cause of these hotels use the technology now days because of the guest satisfaction on the hotels services and ease up the hotels staff work apart from being the best in the world.